expect的用法与搭配
1. 表示“期待”“期望”,通常为及物动词,不要受汉语影响在其后误加介词for。如:
我们不能期望一夜之间就取得成功。
误:We should not expect for success overnight.
正:We should not expect success overnight.
2. 后接动词时要用不定式,不用动名词。如:
I didn’t expect to find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。
若语义需要,其后还可接不定式的复合结构。如:
He expected her to go with him. 他期望她同他一起去。
3. 不要认为 expect 只表示“期待”“期望”,它还可表示“预计”“预料”等。如:
I expect a storm. 我预计会有场暴风雨来。
I expect that I will be back on Sunday. 我预计星期日回来。
有时可用于不好的方面。如:
He expects to fail the exam. 他预料无法通过考试。
另外,注意expect a baby这一惯用表达,其意为“怀孕”。如:
It’s public knowledge she’s expecting a baby. 大家都知道她已怀孕了。
4. 其后可接 that 从句,若从句谓语为否定,注意否定的转移。如:
I don’t expect that he has done such a thing. 我预料他不会干出这种事来。
在口语中有可表示“想”或“揣想”。如:
I expect you’re tired. 我想你是累了吧。
其后可接 that 从句,但不接疑问词引导的从句,若遇有疑问词,则要使用“疑问词+do you expect…”这样的句式。如:
你想什么时候离开?
误:Do you expect when you will leave?
误:Do you expect when to leave?
正:When do you expect to leave?
5. 表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算,通常用过去完成时,但在一定的上下文当中,只要意思清楚,也可只用一般过去时。如:
I had expected to come early, but I missed the early bus. 我本来想早点来的,但未赶上早班车。
We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天就会到的。
有时在其后接不定式的完成式,如上面第一句也可改成:
I expected to have come early, but I missed the early bus.
6. 有时用于“It+be+过去分词+从句”结构,表示“预计……”。如:
It’s expected that the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。
It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms. 预计这个报告会提出一些重大的改革。
7. 注意as expected(不出所料)和than expected(比预料的更)这个搭配。如:
He returned three days earlier than expected. 他回来的时间比预料的要早3天。
The ascent of the mountain is proceeding as expected. 登山正在按计划进行。
8. be (only) to be expected是一个很有用的表达,其意为“在预料当中的”“可能发生的”“相当正常的”。如:
His weakness after the illness is only to be expected. 他病后体弱是预料之中的事。
It is only to be expected your son will leave home eventually. 儿子总归要离开家的,这种事很难免。