后缀-ment含义和用法

汉：来源于古法语与拉丁语的名词后缀-ment 也经历了被英语同化的过程，所以，它既可以充当原生后缀加在动词词根上，也可以充当派生后缀加在动词上。-ment的意思主要是the act or state or fact of～ing(...的行为、状况或事实），the condition of being ～ed（被...的状况），the product or result of ～ing(...的产物或结果），the cause or means of ～ing(...的原因或手段）等。顺便指出，带-ment的名词，往往有对应的带-mental的形容词。

后缀-ment是抽象名词后缀，也是我们常见到的一个后缀，意为“state,quality,act,that which”。

英：suffix forming nouns, originally from French and representing L. -mentum, which was added to verb stems sometimes to represent the result or product of the action. French inserts an -e- between the verbal root and the suffix (e.g. commenc-e-ment from commenc-er; with verbs in ir, -i- is inserted instead (e.g. sent-i-ment from sentir). Used with English verb stems from 16c. (e.g. merriment, which also illustrates the habit of turning -y to -i- before this suffix).

详细分类如下：

1.表示行为、行为的过程或结果。

1) alignment
n.formation in a line 直线排列 单词alignment中的a=to,at,lign=line
Next summer,all eight planets will be in perfect alignment.
明年夏天，八大行星将呈现完美的直线排列。

2) appeasement
n.soothing;appeasing,eg.by making concessions to potential enemies 安慰，缓和；绥靖主义 ap=ad=to,peas=peace
We learned from World war that appeasement is no way to deal with a dictator.
我们从世界大战中得到的教训是，绥靖政策根本不可能对付独裁者。

3) augment
v.make or become greater;increase 增长，增加 aug=increase
Some 5,000 South Korean soldiers augment the U.S. Army by working directly with them.
大约5000名韩国士兵与美军直接合作，增加了美军的兵力。

2.表示物

1) embarkment
n. 上船,堤岸

2)fragment
n. 碎片
v. 变成碎片
[计算机] 碎片
She dropped the vase on the floor and it broke into fragments.
她把花瓶掉在地上，摔成了碎片。

3)pavement
n. 人行道
The pavement was covered in dogs' excrement.
便道上满是狗屎。

4) equipment
n. 设备，装备，器材
I tried to fix the equipment but I failed.
我想把机器修理好，但是失败了。

3.表示组织、机构

1)government
n. 政府，政体，统治