civil
音标发音
- 英式音标 ['sɪv(ə)l; -ɪlˈsɪvl]
- 美式音标 [ˈsɪv.əl]
- 国际音标 ['sivəl]
- 英式发音
- 美式发音
基本解释
- adj. 公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的
- n. (Civil)人名;(土)吉维尔;(法)西维尔
词源解说
- 14世纪晚期期进入英语,直接源自古典拉丁语的civilis,意为和公民有关的,有利于民众的。
词根记忆
- 讲文明(civil)就不能邪恶(evil)
- civ(市民,公民) + il→市民的,公民的
- civ(公民) + il(…的)→平民的
同根派生
- adj性质的同根词
- civic:市的;公民的,市民的。
- civilized:文明的;有礼貌的。
- civilised:文明的。
- adv性质的同根词
- civilly:谦恭地;依民法。
- n性质的同根词
- civilization:文明;文化。
- civility:礼貌;礼仪;端庄。
- civilisation:(英)文明(等于civilization)。
- civics:公民;公民学。
- v性质的同根词
- civilized:教化;使…文明;启发(civilize的过去分词)。
- vi性质的同根词
- civilize:变得文明。
- civilise:变成文明社会(等于civilize)。
- vt性质的同根词
- civilize:使文明;教化;使开化。
- civilise:教化;文明化;使开化。
用法辨析
- civil的基本含意是“公民的,平民的”,也可作“非军职的,非宗教的; 国民间的,民用的; 民事的,民法的”解,常用作定语,无比较级和最高级形式。
- civil还可作“文明的,有教养的”解,常与介词of或to连用,可用于比较等级。
adj. (形容词)
英汉例句
- Voting is the exercise of a civil right.
投票是行使一项公民权利。 - He was not at all civil.
他一点礼貌也没有。 - The courteous boy was civil to everybody.
这个谦恭的男孩对每一个人都很有礼貌。 - It was civil of them to do so.
他们这样做是通情达理的。
用作形容词 (adj.)
用作定语: ~+ n.
用作表语: S+be+~
S+be+~+ prep .-phrase
It is/was+~+of sb+to- v
词组短语
- civil action 民事诉讼
- civil affairs 民政事务
- civil answer 有礼貌的回答
- civil duties 公民义务
- civil life 公民生活
用作形容词 (adj.)
~+名词
英英字典
- (ORDINARY) not military or religious, or relating to the ordinary people of a country
- (LAW) relating to private arguments between people or organizations rather than criminal matters
- (POLITE) polite and formal
- You use civil to describe events that happen within a country and that involve the different groups of people in it.
- You use civil to describe people or things in a country that are not connected with its armed forces.
- You use civil to describe things that are connected with the state rather than with a religion.
- You use civil to describe the rights that people have within a society.
- Someone who is civil is polite in a formal way, but not particularly friendly.
- civility