hardly
常用用法
- hardly是具有否定意义的副词,基本意思是“几乎不,几乎没有,很少”。修饰表示能力的词,可表示事实上不可能,暗示“困难”之意。
- hardly常修饰动态动词或系表结构,位于实义动词之前,系动词、情态动词、第一个助动词之后。hardly也可修饰名词、代词、形容词。hardly位于句首时,句子须借助助动词构成倒装语序。
- hardly本身含有否定意味,句中不可再使用其他否定词,用于反意疑问句时,附加问句需用肯定式。
- hardly常用于hardly had...when结构,意为“刚…就…”,表示一件事紧接着一件事发生,与过去完成时连用。when引导时间状语从句时,主句一般用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。hardly置于句首时,助动词had要放在主句的主语前。
- hardly常与any连用,意为“几乎没有”。 返回 hardly
adv. (副词)
词语辨析
- 这组词意思相近,其区别是:
- hardly常用来修饰表示能力的词; scarcely强调不足,常与enough, sufficient等词连用; barely强调“勉强”。例如:
- The enemy are so exhausted that they are hardly able to fight any longer.敌人已经疲惫得简直不能再战了。
- The field is so thickly grown with rice that there is scarcely sufficient room for one to work in.稻子长得很密,人们简直无法下田劳动了。
- I have barely enough money to buy a cup of coffee.我的钱刚好够买一杯咖啡。
- 1.hard可作形容词或副词; 而hardly只能用作副词。
- 2.hard意指“坚硬”“痛苦的”“结实的”“艰难地”“困苦地”“费力地”“困难地”; 而hardly是“几乎不”“几乎没有”的意思。
- 这三个短语都可表示“一…就…”。其区别是:
- 1.as soon as可转化为no sooner...than或hardly...when结构。例如:
- As soon as I heard the knock I opened the door.
- No sooner had I heard the knock than I opened the door.
- Hardly had I heard the knock when I opened the door.
- 当我听到敲门声,我马上就开门了。
- 2.as soon as通常用于一般时态, no hardly...than和hardly...when通常用于过去完成时。例如:
- As soon as you finish your job, let me know.你一完成工作就告诉我一声。
- No sooner had the doctor arrived than he began treating the sick.医生一到马上就抢救病人。
- I had hardly started when it began to rain.我刚动身就下起雨来了。
- 这一对副词都有“几乎不”、“几乎没有”的否定意味,但涵义重心有细微的差异。
- hardly强调“困难”,指程度而言,常用以修饰表示能力的词,与can、ever、any等词连用。
- scarcely强调“不足”,主要指数量而言,常与enough、sufficient、any或数词连用。 返回 hardly