rough

音标发音

• 英式音标 [rʌf]
• 美式音标 [rʌf]
• 国际音标 [rʌf]
• 英式发音
• 美式发音

基本解释

• adj. 粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的；艰苦的；未经加工的
• vt. 使粗糙；粗暴对待；草拟
• n. 艰苦；高低不平的地面；未经加工的材料；粗糙的部分
• vi. 举止粗野
• adv. 粗糙地；粗略地；粗暴地
• n. (Rough)人名；(英)拉夫

词源解说

• 直接源自古英语的ruh，意为不平的，未作的；最初源自西日耳曼语的rukhwaz，意为毛茸茸的。

同根派生

• adj性质的同根词

  roughish：略粗糙的；略粗暴的；有点刺耳的；略有风浪的。

• adv性质的同根词

  roughly：粗糙地；概略地。

• n性质的同根词

  roughness：粗糙（度）；粗暴；猛烈；篷乱毛发；未加工。

  roughage：粗饲料；粗粮；粗糙的原料。

• vi性质的同根词

  roughen：变粗糙。

• vt性质的同根词

  roughen：使粗糙。

• rough相关词

用法辨析

adj. (形容词)

• rough指表面看起来或摸上去不平整的东西,用于产品时则表示未经打磨的,还可引申为“(言行)粗野的”“(质量)粗劣的”“(作品)未经润色的”“(处境)艰难的”等意思。
• rough可用very修饰。

adv. (副词)

• rough用作副词时意思是“简陋地”,引申可指“粗暴地”“大致地”。
• rough在句中主要用作状语。

v. (动词)

• rough的基本意思是“使粗糙”,多指使质料不精细或使之不光滑。引申可表示“过简陋的生活”。
• rough通常只用作及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。
• rough与roughen的比较：两者分别都可作及物动词与不及物动词。在表示“变得粗暴”时，一般习惯上多用roughen来表示，不用rough。或者是可以用短语rough up来表示。表示“粗暴地对待”时，一般多用rough，且多与副词in/off/out连用，如rough a horse（殴打马）。名词rough表示“杂草丛生的地区”，take things in the rough与rough it有相同的意思，表示“艰难地生活”。

• rough使用方法
• rough详细辨析

英汉例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语: ～+ n.

• The cat had a rough tongue.
  猫的舌头表面很粗糙。

用作表语: S+be+～

• This paper feels rough.
  这纸摸起来是粗糙的。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

• She is rough in speech.
  她说话粗鲁。

S+be+～+to- v

• This paper is too rough to write on.
  这种纸太粗糙,不能写字。

用作副词 (adv.)

用作状语

• I can live rough for a bit in the countryside.
  在农村我的生活可随便一些。

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词: S+～+ n./pron.

• Don't rough my hair.
  别弄乱我的头发。

• rough更多例句

词组短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• rough road 崎岖的道路
• rough sea 大浪；狂浪；风大浪急的海面
• rough time 辛酸时期
• rough weather 恶劣的天气

～+介词

• rough on 对…粗暴的

用作动词 (v.)

• rough one 's hair 弄乱头发

～+副词

• rough curiously 好奇地过简陋的生活
• rough dreadfully 非比寻常地过简陋的生活

• rough更多词组

英英字典

剑桥英英字典

• (NOT EVEN) not even or smooth, often because of being in bad condition
• (NOT EXACT) not exact or detailed
• (POOR QUALITY) used to describe an alcoholic drink, especially wine, that tastes cheap and often strong
• (SOUND) A rough voice or sound is hard and loud.
• (VIOLENT) dangerous or violent
• (STORMY) (of the weather or the sea) having strong winds or big waves
• (DIFFICULT) difficult or unpleasant
• (ILL) ill
• to live temporarily in basic and uncomfortable conditions
• (DRAWING) a first quick drawing of something
• (VIOLENT PERSON) a violent person
• (IN GOLF) in golf, an area of ground with long grass
• (VIOLENTLY) forcefully or violently
• (OUTSIDE) to live outside not in a house, and sleep on the ground

柯林斯英英字典

• If a surface is rough, it is uneven and not smooth.
• roughness
• You say that people or their actions are rough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness.
• roughly
• A rough area, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there.
• If you say that someone has had a rough time, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences.
• A rough calculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact.
• roughly
• If you give someone a rough idea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail.
• roughly
• You can say that something is rough when it is not neat and well made.
• roughly
• If the sea or the weather at sea is rough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves.
• If you have to rough it, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have.

• rough剑桥字典
• rough柯林斯字典

专业释义

计算机科学技术

• 粗糙集

  Attribute reduction is a research focus in rough set theory.
  属性约简是粗糙集理论中的一个研究重点。

  经济学

• 粗糙的

  Actually, in the meanwhile of opening to the worldwide market and developing liberal trade, china market was deeply divided and blockaded in the province level by the means ranging from rough and slipshod roadblock to complicated local laws and regulations.
  由地方政府主导的市场地区化进程产生了一个反常的现象：在过去二十多年里向全球市场开放、发展自由贸易的同时，中国市场在地方层次已经越来越分割，从粗糙的路障到复杂的地方法规，地方保护措施无处不在。

  机械工程

• 毛坯

语言学

• 带 ／h／ 音的

体育

• (橄榄球、足球等比赛中)粗暴对待(常与up连用)：

交通运输工程

• 粗略的

生物学

• 粗糙的
• 未加工的