without

1. PREP You use without to indicate that someone or something does not have or use the thing mentioned. 没有

I don't like myself without a beard. 我不喜欢自己一根胡子没有。

She wore a brown shirt pressed without a wrinkle. 她穿了一件熨得没有一丝皱褶的棕色衬衫。

2. PREP If one thing happens without another thing, or if you do something without doing something else, the second thing does not happen or occur. 没有[PREP n/-ing]

He was offered a generous pension provided he left without a fuss. 只要他毫无怨言地离开，他就会得到一笔丰厚的退休金。

They worked without a break until about eight in the evening. 他们不停地工作到大约晚上8点。

3. PREP If you do something without a particular feeling, you do not have that feeling when you do it. 没有 (某种感觉)

Janet Magnusson watched his approach without enthusiasm. 珍尼特·马格努森毫无热情地看着他走近。

4. PREP If you do something without someone else, they are not in the same place as you are or are not involved in the same action as you. 无 (某人) 在场

I told Franklin he would have to start dinner without me. 我告诉富兰克林他得撇下我开饭了。