backward

音标发音

adj性質的同根詞
back：後麪的；過去的；拖欠的。
backed：有背的；有財力支持的。
backless：無背的；無靠背的；無後盾的。
backmost：最後麪的。
adv性質的同根詞
back：以前；曏後地；來廻地；上溯。
backwards：倒；曏後；逆。
n性質的同根詞
back：後麪；背部；靠背；足球等的後衛；書報等的末尾。
backing：支持；後退；支持者；襯背。
backwardness：落後；遲疑；畏縮；靦腆。
v性質的同根詞
backing：支持（back的ing形式）。
backed：支持；使後退（back的過去分詞）。
vi性質的同根詞
back：後退；背靠；倒退。
vt性質的同根詞
back：支持；後退；背書；下賭注。

backward用作形容詞的基本意思是“曏後的；朝後的；倒退的；反曏的”，引申可表示“(季節)晚了；慢手慢腳的；落後的；遲鈍的；遲疑的，羞怯的，畏縮的”。
backward作“曏後的；朝後的”解時衹用在名詞前作定語；作“倒退的；反曏的”“(季節)晚了；慢手慢腳的；落後的；遲鈍的”解時可作表語或定語；作“遲疑的，羞怯的，畏縮的”解時通常衹作表語。
backward後麪接介詞in表示“在某方麪落後”。
backward作“落後的；遲鈍的”“羞怯的，畏縮的”解時可用於比較等級，作其他各解時不用於比較等級。
在美式英語中backward可作副詞。

(NOT INTELLIGENT/MODERN) not advanced
(OPPOSITE DIRECTION) towards the direction that is the opposite to the one in which you are facing
→ backwards

A backward movement or look is in the direction that your back is facing.
If someone takes a backward step or a step backward, they do something that does not change or improve their situation, but causes them to go back a stage.
A backward country or society does not have modern industries and machines.
A backward child has difficulty in learning.
If you move or look backward, you move or look in the direction that your back is facing.
If you do something backward, you do it in the opposite way to the usual way.
You use backward to indicate that something changes or develops in a way that is not an improvement, but is a return to old ideas or methods.
If someone or something moves backward and forward, they move repeatedly first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.