后缀-y 含义和用法
一、作为形容词后缀,意思是:“full of ~;containing ~;characterized by ~;resembling~;somewhat ~;inclined to ~”,后缀-y来源于古英语,是个派生后缀.它主要与名词相结合,有时也可以与形容词或动词结合。
1)当它与名词相结合时,可表示full of ~(多...的),having ~(有...的),containing ~(含...的),characterized by ~(有...特征的),resembling~(像...的)等意思。
2)当它与形容词相结合时,意为somewhat~(有点...的)。
3)当它与动词想结合时,意为inclined to ~(想...的)。-ey 就-y的异体,只是出现异体,只出现在少数以读长音的元音字母y结尾的单词后面。
介绍名词与-y结合的代表性词。
1.bumpy [bump n. 颠簸;-y →]
adj.崎岖不平的;颠簸的
举例:After a long ride on the humpy road,they all felt very tired.长时间的行驶在崎岖不平的道路上,他们全都疲劳不堪。
2.cloudy [cloud n.云;-y →]
adj.多云的;被云遮住的
举例:Tomorrow will be another cloudy day. 明天又是阴天。
3.salty [salt n.盐;-y →]
adj.含盐的;咸的
举例:Sweat and tears are salty. 汗水与泪水都是含盐水的。
4.funny [funn = fun 玩笑;-y → “有玩笑的特征的”→]
adj.滑稽可笑的;有趣的
举例:The clown's funny jokes kept us laughing. 小丑的逗趣使我们笑个不停。
5.sugery [suger n.糖;-y →“像糖一样的”→]
adj.甜嘴的;媚人的
举例:He was often deceived by her sugery words. 他常被她的甜言蜜语所欺骗。
下面列举一个形容词和动词与后缀-y结合的例子。
1.chilly [cill adj.冷的;-y →“有些冷的”→]
adj. 寒冷的
举例:It is a rainy,chilly day.这是一个寒冷的雨天。
2.sleepy [sleep v.睡;-y →]
adj.sleep 想睡的;瞌睡的
举例:He never gets enough rest and is always sleepy.他总是休息不足,老想打瞌睡。
二、后缀-y作为名词后缀意思:“the act of ~ing;the condition or quality of being ~;a group of ~s;~ condition or quality”,-y这个语源成分比较复杂。出于实用的考虑,我们只分析它的含义与用法。作为名词后缀-y可以与动词、名词或形容词相结合,构成名词。它与动词结合时,意为the act of ~ing (...的行为);与名词结合时,表示the condition or quality of being ~(...状况或性质),a group of ~s(一批...)等的意思;它与形容词相结合时,表示~condition or quality (...的状况或性质)。-y有时也可以跟词根相结合。下面对不同词基与-y结合的代表性例子。
1.delivery
n. 交付;分发
举例:There is one delivery of mail a day in our town. 本镇每日投递邮件一次。
2.discovery
n.发现
举例:Dr.flemming's discovery of penicillin ocurred in 1928.弗莱明博士发现青霉素的事发生在1928年。
3.victory [成为胜利者的状况或性质]
n.胜利;战胜
举例:The game ended in a victory for our team. 比赛以我方胜利告终。
4.memory [记住的状态或性质]
n.记忆,记忆力
举例:She has a better memeory than her sister. 她的记忆力比她姐姐的好。