后缀-ive含义、词源和词例

汉：形容词及名词后缀ive意为"relating to,having the quality of,tending to ,that which"。 源自拉丁语的-ive是英语中最重要的形容词后缀之一。与表示行为的名词后缀-ion一样，-ive加缀在动词或动词词根后，构成相应形容词，表示与该行为有关的性质与倾向等，其意思相当于英语的现在分词后缀-ing(...的）或having to do with～ing （与...有关的）；having the quality of ～ing(具有...性质的）；tending to or likely to ～(倾向于做...的）。由于拉丁构词的影响，-ive还有-ative,itive 等异体。


英：sufix forming adjectives from verbs, meaning "pertaining to, tending to," in some cases from Old French -if, but usually directly from Latin -ivus. In some words borrowed from French at an early date it has been reduced to -y (e.g. hasty, tardy).

一.形容词后缀：表示有...性质的、有...作用的、有...倾向的、属于...的

1.abusive
adj.using insults and curses;of wrong use 辱骂的，虐待的；滥用的 *ab(=away),us(=use)
例句：We urged her to leave her abusive husband.我们极力劝说她离开虐待她的丈夫。

2.cohesive
adj.having the power of cohering;tending to cohere 有黏着力的；附着性的 *co<com(=together),hes (=stick)
例句：Mr.Thomson built a cohesive opposition group from seven minor opposition parties.汤姆森先生将七个小反对党组建一个具有凝聚力的反对党集团。

3.diminutive
adj.very small 微小的 *di<dis(=apart),min<mini(=small)
例句：To an observer in an airplane high over the city,the largest buildings seem diminutive.坐飞机从城市上空向下看时，最高的建筑也显得很渺小。

二.名词后缀

1.表示人
detective 侦察，密探; native 本地人，土人；representative 代表；native 本地人，土人世间；progressive 进步人士;executive 执行者。

2.表示物
locomotive 火车头，机车；anticorrosive 防腐蚀剂 ;explosive 炸药，爆炸物;preventive 预防药 ; directive 指令 ;olive 橄榄树。
3.构成抽象名词
motive 动机 ; initiative 创造，发端；offensive 攻势 ; perspective 透视，眼力；subjunctive 虚拟语气 ；alternative 取舍,抉择。