后缀 -le, -l,-el = 反复,小,动作的结果或做动作时使

动词、形容词、名词后缀-le意为"repetition,pertaining to ,that which"。这个后缀-le有三层含义：（1）属于动词后缀，表示“反复或连续动作、动作的小幅度重复”；（2）属于名词后缀表示“小”，表示“做某种动作时所使用的东西，或某种动作的结果”。

1.coddle
v. treat with great care and tenderness,pamper 悉心照料；娇生惯养,溺爱
例句：His mother coddled him too much,so he never learned discipline.他妈妈太娇惯她了，所以，一点都不懂规矩。

2.dawdle
v.be slow;waste time 游手好闲，浪费时间
例句：Every time she passed the janitor,sister Teresa would say "don't dawdle,Mr.Jones."。特雷莎修女每次经看门人时都会说：“别虚度光阴，琼斯先生。”

3.dwindle
v. become less or smaller by degrees 逐渐减少，缩小
例句：South Korea's farmland dwindles by 3-4% each year as more and more is developed.随着越来越多的农田被开发利用，韩国农田每年都减少3-4倍。

4.fickle
adj. often changing;not constant感情，天气等易变的；变幻无常的
例句：The taste of the public is so fickle that a TV performer who is a big hit one season may be out of a job the next.大众品位如此多变，上一季走红的电视演员很可能在下一季没有工作了。

5.grapple
v. seize firmly;struggle with somebody or something at close quarters;try to deal with a problem etc.抓住，抓紧；格斗；设法解决问题
n.coming to grips 抓；搏斗；抓钩
例句：The government,grappling with a $12.8 billion debt,is not likely to approve funding for the project.政府目前正在设法解决128美元债务的问题，所以不大可能同意为此项目资金。

6.haggle
v. argue or dispute especially the price of something or the terms of a bargain 争论，计价还价
例句：The prices marked on the goods are not fixed and with a little haggling it's possible to get them reduced by fifty percent or more.商品上所标示的价格并非固定不变的，可以通过讨价还价将价格降低50%或更多。

7.hurtle
v. rush or fly violently 猛冲，碰撞；急飞
例句：The explosion sent huge metal pieces of the truck hurting through the air.爆炸使卡车巨大的金属碎片弹到了空中。

8.jostle
v.push roughly against;push 撞；推挤
例句：Expect to be jostled as you make your way into the crowded subway train.预想一下，挤进地铁时你会被人推挤碰撞。

9.wrangle
v.take part in a noisy or angry argument 吵架
例句：Ranch workers gather here to drink beers,tell stories and ,of course ,to wrangle.牧场的工人聚集在这里喝酒、聊天，当然也会发生口角。

10.topple
v. (cause to) be unsteady and overturn (使)倾倒，(使)跌倒；颠覆
例句：In 1973,the military failed twice to topple the Sanchez government.1973年军队再次试图颠覆桑切斯政府，但都以失败告终。

11.squabble
n. noisy quarrel about something trivial (为琐事)争吵，争论
例句:My neighbors' constant squabbles forced me to move out.邻居经常争吵迫使我不得不搬走。

12.rubble
n.bits of broken stone,rock or brickwork碎石,瓦砾
例句：Within seconds the once posh Sam Poong Department Store was reduced to rubble.在几秒钟内，曾经豪华一时的三丰百货商场就化作了碎石。